Zanjans Soltaniyeh; world’s largest brick dome

Zanjan, July 16, IRNA –Soltaniyeh Dome is the 3rd biggest brick dome in the world and the Mausoleum of Ilkhan Oljaytu highlighted accomplishment of Iranian architecture and is the top three huge historic buildings in the world.

The structure is a very exquisite mosque which is well-known in the world from the viewpoint of architecture, interior design and space. Soltaniyeh Dome.

In north-western Iran’s city of Soltaniyeh, which was briefly the capital of Persia’s Ilkhanid dynasty (a branch of the Mongol dynasty) during the 14th century, stands the Mausoleum of Oljaytu, its stunning dome covered with turquoise-blue faience tiles. Constructed in 1302-12, the tomb of the eighth Ilkhanid ruler is the main feature remaining from the ancient city; today, it dominates a rural settlement surrounded by the fertile pasture of Soltaniyeh. The Mausoleum of Oljaytu is recognized as the architectural masterpiece of its period and outstanding achievement in the development of Persian architecture, particularly in its innovative double-shelled dome and interior decoration.

The dome is located 30 km east of Zanjan inside the rampart of the old city of Soltaniyeh. It is an octagonal building, each side of which is almost 80 meters. The Soltaniyeh Dome is built in the Arg city or old fortification of Sultaniyeh, the capital of Oljaytu, an Ilkhan ruler.

The old fortification was a plot of land with an area of 18 hectares, encircled by a wall which was the characteristic of old cities. It is interesting to mention that the dome was used as a template in construction of the big dome of Florence, Italy. There are eight minarets around the dome, The structure is the oldest double-shell dome in Iran.

The dome is blue and is covered in turquoise blue faience. The inside roof of the rooms are decorated with colored bricks and plasterwork. There is a tall dome on each sides of the building which are about 120 meters each. On the upper part of the building, pavilions and rooms have been constructed. On the sides of the ceiling, Quranic verses and names of God have been written in beautiful manifest handwriting, which is both a symbol of Iranian art and also a sign of the submission of Iranians to the last divine religion.

Construction of the dome started in 1302 at the orders of Oljaytu in the Ilkhan capital and was completed in 1312, that is construction of the building took almost 10 years, ranking the structure among the biggest brick domes in the world.

The dome, which is the largest in the world after Santa Maria and Hagia Sophia, has three sections of the main entrance, mausoleum and crypt. The decoration and structure of the mausoleum is in fact a turning point in the architecture of that era, creating a new style in architecture distinct from that of the Seljuk era.

The building has eight doors, eight porches and eight minarets and includes dome, Torbat Khaneh (holy dust reservoir) and Sardab (ice cellar). Recognition of the exact time of religious performances is to be the only explanation of sundial creation in the building. The Soltaniyeh brick dome is the 3rd tallest dome in the world following Florence Santa Maria Cathedral and Istanbul Hagia Sophia.

The world architecture history has seen the first double shell designs in this structure decorated with rich patterns. The exterior shell of the dome has been covered with turquoise blue and ultramarine in the burl designs.

Types of tiling, painting on stucco, lattice brickwork, wooden and stony decoration, stucco and brick stalactite and the inscription with verses of the Quran and the Hadith have been employed in building decoration.

The head of the World Heritage Site of Soltanieh Dome on the occasion of the fourteenth anniversary of the global registration of Soltanieh's Dome, in an interview with IRNA correspondent added: "Soltanieh Yadgar is the period of the Ilkhanid in Iran, which was ranked as the seventh recorded country in the World Heritage List in the year 2005. The hand of Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh was erected in the eighth century and has remained steady for about 735 years since its inception.

Mirsoussa Aniran added: "There are now a lot of historical, cultural, and natural monuments in the country that provide beautiful landscapes, but among them are indicators that are universal in terms of characteristics."

"Based on this, the global base of mechanisms, with the mechanisms, always examines the stacking of the building in terms of gypsum walled (the movements of the building throughout the year), which has so far not been the case, continued the head of the World Heritage Site of Soltanieh Dome.

"It is 14 years since the global registration of this important historical event in our country, and during this time not only the country but also for tourists all over the world, this dome is well-known and attracts many interested people every year.